Coronary angiography

Definition

冠状动脉造影是一种使用特殊染料(造影剂)和x射线来观察血液如何流经心脏动脉的程序.

Alternative Names

Cardiac angiography; Angiography - heart; Angiogram - coronary; Coronary artery disease - angiography; CAD - angiography; Angina - angiography; Heart disease - angiography

How the Test is Performed

Coronary angiography is sometimes performed with cardiac catheterization. 这是一种测量心室压力的方法.

在测试开始前，你会被注射一剂温和的镇静剂来帮助你放松.

清洗身体的某个部位(手臂或腹股沟)并用局部麻醉药物(麻醉剂)麻醉。. The cardiologist passes a thin hollow tube, called a catheter, 通过动脉小心地把它移到心脏. x射线图像帮助十大赌博平台排行榜定位导管.

一旦导管就位，染料(造影剂)被注入导管. 用x射线成像来观察染料如何在动脉中移动. 这种染料有助于突出血流中的任何阻塞.

The procedure most often lasts 30 to 60 minutes.

How to Prepare for the Test

在考试开始前的8小时内，你不应该吃或喝任何东西.

You will wear a hospital gown. You must sign a consent form before the test. 你的医疗保健提供者会向你解释手术过程及其风险.

Tell your provider if you:

• 是否对任何药物过敏或过去是否对造影剂有不良反应
• Are taking sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), 他达拉非(西力士)或其他这类药物
• Might be pregnant

How the Test will Feel

In most cases, you will be awake during the test. 您可能会在放置导管的地方感到一些压力.

注射染料后，您可能会感到脸红或发热.

After the test, the catheter is removed. 您可能会感到在插入部位施加了牢固的压力以防止出血. If the catheter is placed in your groin, 检查后，您将被要求平躺几小时到几个小时，以避免出血. This may cause some mild back discomfort.

Why the Test is Performed

Coronary angiography may be done if:

• You have angina for the first time.
• Your angina that is becoming worse, not going away, occurring more often, or happening at rest (called unstable angina).
• You have aortic stenosis or another valve problem.
• 你有非典型胸痛，而其他检查都正常.
• You had an abnormal heart stress test.
• 你要做心脏手术你患冠状动脉疾病的风险很高.
• You have heart failure.
• 你被诊断为心脏病发作.

Normal Results

心脏供血正常，没有堵塞.

What Abnormal Results Mean

异常结果可能意味着你的动脉阻塞了. 该测试可以显示有多少冠状动脉被阻塞, where they are blocked, and the severity of the blockages.

Risks

与其他心脏检查相比，心导管检查的风险略有增加. 然而，如果由经验丰富的团队执行，该测试是非常安全的.

一般来说，发生严重并发症的风险在1 / 1000到1 / 500之间. Risks of the procedure include the following:

• Cardiac tamponade
• Irregular heartbeats
• Injury to a heart artery
• Low blood pressure
• 对造影剂或检查时服用的药物的过敏反应
• Stroke
• Heart attack

与任何类型的导尿相关的注意事项包括:

• 一般来说，在静脉或导管部位存在出血、感染和疼痛的风险.
• 软塑料导管损伤血管或周围结构的风险很小.
• 血凝块可能会在导管上形成，然后阻塞身体其他部位的血管.
• 造影剂可能损害肾脏(特别是糖尿病患者或既往有肾脏问题的人).

Considerations

If a blockage is found, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)来打开阻塞. 这可以在同一过程中完成，但可能因各种原因而延迟.

References

Dangas GD, Mehran R. Coronary angiography and intravascular imaging. 见:Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD编. 布劳恩瓦尔德心脏病:心血管医学教科书. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 21.

Fihn SD, Blankenship JC, Alexander KP, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS重点更新了稳定性缺血性心脏病患者的诊断和管理指南:美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会实践指南工作组的报告, 以及美国胸外科协会, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, 心血管血管造影与干预学会, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(18):1929-1949. PMID: 25077860 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077860.

Kern MJ, Kirtane AJ. Catheterization and angiography. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 51.

Werns S. 急性冠状动脉综合征和急性心肌梗死. In: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, eds. 危重病医学:成人诊断与管理原则. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 29.